Your Guide to Popular Retirement Accounts

无论你是刚刚开始你的职业生涯，还是你已经在存钱了, 了解一下可供你选择的流行退休账户是件好事.

You have saving and investment options

虽然有几种主要的储蓄方式，但401(k)和个人退休账户是最受欢迎的两种. A 401(k) is a retirement plan usually offered through your employer, 而IRA是一个退休账户，你可以独立设立并为其捐款. Finally, you can always save money in a regular savings account, too – but that doesn’t have tax advantages so you won’t save up as much.

401(k) plans

401(k)是一种由你的雇主为退休储蓄的方式，除非你的雇主提供401(k)账户，否则你通常无法拥有一个账户. Most 401(k)s are managed by companies themselves or investment groups, and most 401(k)s invest in the stock market, at least with a portion of the assets. In a typical setup, 你让你的雇主在你的工资总额中留出一定的百分比(即, your pay before taxes and other deductions), such as 8%. While there are no income limits for 401(k)s, 有供款限额-意思是你每年只能供款到最高金额. 向你的福利部门或税务顾问咨询有关最高限额的详细信息.

In many cases (but not all) your employer will match some of your contributions to a 401(k) account. For example, 例如，一家公司可能会按你的工资的一定百分比与你进行一对一的匹配, up to 3%. In this scenario:

• If you contributed 3% of $100 in wages to your 401(k), 你会得到6美元的存款到你的401(k)账户——3美元来自你的工资，3美元来自你的公司.
• 如果你贡献了4%，你将从你的工资中得到7 - 4美元，从你的公司得到3美元.
• 如果你贡献了2%，你将从你的工资中得到4 - 2美元，从你的公司得到2美元. In this last instance, 你失去了你的公司将提供的1美元，因为你选择只提供2%(而你的公司将匹配3%)。.

Traditional IRAs

传统IRA是你为退休而设立的特殊储蓄账户 at a financial institution like Patelco or at an investment brokerage. You can choose a variety of investments for your Traditional IRA, including stocks, bonds, ETFs, share certificates and cash savings. Like all IRAs, Traditional IRAs are governed by specific regulations and tax laws, so it’s a bit different than a typical savings account. Patelco offers IRAs in several forms – you can talk to a CFS Financial Advisor¹ to learn more. There are no income limits for Traditional IRAs, 也就是说，不管你的年收入是多少，你都可以向他们捐款.

After you set up your Traditional IRA, you can make contributions, up to $6,000 per year ($7,000 if you’re age 50 or older). The cutoff date for contributions aligns with tax deadlines, so you have until tax day to make contributions for the previous year. When you make a contribution to a traditional IRA, 你的贡献金额可能会减少你当年的应税收入——咨询你的投资顾问或税务顾问，看看你是否符合资格. For example, if your income is $70,000 and you contribute $6,000 to a Traditional IRA, then your taxable income that year will drop to $64,000 assuming you qualify for the deduction.

You can contribute pre-tax or after-tax dollars, 如果你的捐款是免税的，你可以立即享受税收优惠. 然后，你在传统IRA账户上的捐款将会延期纳税, meaning that you are only taxed on your earnings once you withdraw. You’ll pay ordinary income tax on these withdrawals. 请注意，提前提款可能会作为收入征税，还会被征收10%的国税局罚款.

Roth IRAs

罗斯个人退休账户与传统个人退休账户类似，但在税收方面有很大的不同. Only after-tax dollars may be contributed to a Roth IRA account. On the upside, once you withdraw from a Roth IRA during retirement, you can do so tax-free, as long as the funds have been held for at least 5 years. 无论你在罗斯个人退休账户中获得什么利息和资本收益，都是免税的. This means that if you earned $100 in interest and $1,000 in capital gains in a single year from money in your Roth IRA, 那一年你不需要交税，退休时提款也不需要额外交税.

In 2022, 罗斯账户的年供款限额与传统IRA相同, $6,000 per year ($7,000 if you’re age 50 or older) . If you contribute to both a Roth IRA and a Traditional IRA, the combined annual limit is $6,000 (or $7,000 if age 50 or older). Note that there are also income limits for Roth IRAs, so be sure to talk to your financial advisor to see if you qualify.

The bottom life difference between Traditional and Roth IRAs

传统个人退休账户和罗斯个人退休账户的区别主要在于税收减免——你是现在还是将来想要税收优惠? If you expect to be in the same or lower tax bracket in the future, you’re probably better off with a Traditional IRA that gives you tax advantages now. If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket by the time you retire, a Roth IRA may be the best option. If you’re a millennial who is decades away from retirement, you should probably be contributing to a Roth IRA.

Here’s a useful chart that can help you see the differences:

SEP IRAs

A Simplified Employee Pension IRA 与传统的个人退休账户类似，因为捐款是免税的, and investments grow tax-deferred until retirement. At the point of withdrawal, the money will be taxed as regular income. SEP IRA的不同之处在于它最适合自由职业者, 雇员很少或没有雇员的独立承包商或小企业主. (At Patelco, we offer business accounts to sole proprietors only.)

If you’re a small business owner with employees, this plan requires equal contributions as a percentage of compensation. For instance, if you contribute 15% of your compensation to your plan, you also have to contribute 15% to each of your employees’ plans. The contribution limits are much higher, up to $61,000 in 2022 (but it also can’t exceed 25% of your total compensation).

So should you get an IRA?

开立个人退休账户的好处是你可以控制你的钱投资在哪里. 在你开一个之前，有几件事要考虑一下，那就是你的总体财务目标和税收影响. 获取更多关于开立个人退休账户是否是你今年最好的决定的指导, set up a free session to speak with one of one our CFS Financial Advisors¹ at your local Patelco branch.

If you’re part of Generation X, 是否为罗斯个人退休账户提供资金取决于你的收入和其他税务考虑, including whether you’re married. And if you’re nearing retirement, 与传统的税前账户相比，向罗斯账户存钱可能没有意义，除非你退休后的税率肯定会更高.

Whatever stage of life you’re in, 和财务顾问谈谈，看看哪一个是最适合你的——作为Patelco的会员，你可以获得一个免费的咨询 CFS Financial Advisor.¹